ABSTRACT:
The Peepal tree (Ficus religiosa Linn. [Moraceae]) is highly respected in traditional medicine. Traditions claim that Peepal tree leaves contain several active ingredients (flavonoids, phenolic compounds, tannins, saponins, sterols, dietary fiber, vitamin and minerals) contributing to its range of pharmacological activities. Recent evidence from preclinical studies suggests that Ficus religiosa leaves have cardioprotective activity in the setting of myocardial infarction (induced by isoproterenol) and doxorubicin-induced cardiotoxicity. Specifically, Ficus religiosa leaves extract reduce the elevation of CK-MB, LDH, AST, ALT, and lipid peroxidation, decrease the size of infarcts, and improve ECG's and myocyte architecture. Evidence suggests that the cardioprotective properties of Ficus religiosa leaves extract are mediated by a number of interconnected and complex mechanisms including strong antioxidant activity, inhibition of inflammatory cytokines, hypolipidemia, anticoagulation activity, and stabilization to cardiomyocyte membranes. This review will provide an overview of the current knowledge of Ficus religiosa leaves extract's botany, phytochemistry, historical and ethnopharmacological use, evidence for preclinical pharmacological activity and mechanisms of cardioprotection, as well as a description of the safety profile of Ficus religiosa leaves extract. The review will also present the major knowledge gaps such as non-standardisation of extracts, lack of knowledge surrounding subacute or chronic toxicity, and a lack of clinical trial evidence. Although there is sufficient evidence to suggest that Ficus religiosa leaves extract may be developed as a cardioprotective agent in conjunction with other therapies and potential therapeutic agents are needed to conduct adequate pharmacokinetic, toxicological and controlled clinical trials to support Ficus religiosa leaves extracts' therapeutic capabilities and provide evidence of preclinical efficacy.
Cite this article:
Chetana Gokul Ahire, Khemchand Rajendra Surana. Comprehensive Review on Cardioprotective Activity of Ficus religiosa Leaves Extract. Research Journal of Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry. 2026; 18(4):352-8. doi: 10.52711/0975-4385.2026.00050
Cite(Electronic):
Chetana Gokul Ahire, Khemchand Rajendra Surana. Comprehensive Review on Cardioprotective Activity of Ficus religiosa Leaves Extract. Research Journal of Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry. 2026; 18(4):352-8. doi: 10.52711/0975-4385.2026.00050 Available on: https://rjpponline.org/AbstractView.aspx?PID=2026-18-4-6
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