Author(s):
Archi D., Pooja K., Shital F.
Email(s):
phsmile12@gmail.com
DOI:
10.52711/0975-4385.2024.00044 
Address:
Archi D.1, Pooja K.2*, Shital F.3
1M. Pharm Scholar, Smt. R. D. Gardi B. Pharmacy College, Gujarat Technological University, Rajkot, Gujarat, India.
2Associate Professor, Department of Pharmacognosy, Smt. R. D. Gardi B. Pharmacy College, Gujarat Technological University, Rajkot, Gujarat, India. ORCID No: 0000-0003-1203-2969.
3Principal, R. D. Gardi B. Pharmacy College, Gujarat Technological University, Rajkot, Gujarat, India.
*Corresponding Author
Published In:
Volume - 16,
Issue - 4,
Year - 2024
ABSTRACT:
The Tulsi plant is called Tulsi in Sanskrit, and holy basil in English. Tulsi has great medicinal value. There are distinct varieties of basil types in the genus Ocimum which makes them very special. Genus Ocimum is widespread over Asia, Africa, and Central and Southern America. All basils are members of the Lamiaceae family. According to varying essential oil profiles even within the same species, plants may often be classified as a different species due to different scents. In this study, a Comparison of Ocimum tenuiflorum (Krishna Tulsi) and Ocimum gratissium (Rama Tulsi) is described. Ocimum tenuiflorum has therapeutic activities like antihelmintic, antimicrobial, antidiabetic, antiprotozoal, and wound healing activities whereas Ocimum gratissium has antimicrobial, antibacterial, and anti-inflammatory activities.
Cite this article:
Archi D., Pooja K., Shital F.. Tulsi Species: A Comparative Review. Research Journal of Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry.2024; 16(4):235-1. doi: 10.52711/0975-4385.2024.00044
Cite(Electronic):
Archi D., Pooja K., Shital F.. Tulsi Species: A Comparative Review. Research Journal of Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry.2024; 16(4):235-1. doi: 10.52711/0975-4385.2024.00044 Available on: https://rjpponline.org/AbstractView.aspx?PID=2024-16-4-8
REFERENCES:
1. S Khair-ul-Bariyah, D Ahmed, MI Aujla. Comparative Analysis of Ocimum basilicum and Ocimum sanctum: Extraction Techniques and Urease and alpha-Amylase inhibition. Pak. J. Chem, 2012 - chempublishers.com.
2. Available from: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/26625296_ Comparative_Study_of_Volatile_Compounds_from_Genus_Ocimumiumof Crop Plants.
3. Available from: https://medium.com/@agripure/basil-medicinal-use-9a85f01f5a7f
4. Chrysanthemum–Digital Herbar http://dhcrop.bsmrau.net › chrysanthemum
5. Available from; https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/life-style/food-news/types-of-tulsi-and-the- best-way- to-use-them-for-immunity-and-weight-loss/article show/77679586.cms
6. Available from; https://plantswithapurpose.net/product/rama-tulsi
7. Available from : https://www.researchgate.net/publication/240614205_A_Revie on_Phytoconst ituents_of_Ocimum_Tulsi (phytoconstituents)
8. Available from; https://www.phytojournal.com/archives/2017/vol6issue2/PartE/6-2-54-731.pdf
9. Available from : https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Ibrahim-Adeshina/publication/323613534_ Effect_of_Solvents_on_Phytoconstituents_and_Antimicrobial_Activities_of_Ocimum_gratissimum_and_Eugen ia_caryophyllata_Extracts_on_Listeria_monocytogenes_Acta_Vet_Eurasia_44_3138/links/5aa0022e45851543 e6353249/Effect-of-Solvents-on-Phytoconstituents-and-Antimicrobial-Activities-of-Ocimum-gratissimum- and-Eugenia-caryophyllata- Extracts-on-Listeria-monocytogenes-Acta-Vet-Eurasia-44-338.pdf
10. Available from: https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/medicine-and-dentistry/ocimum- Tenuiflorum
11. Available from: https://www.intechopen.com/books/phytochemicals-in-human-health/-em- Ocimum- em-phytochemicals-and-their-potential-impact-on-human-health
12. Matasyoh LG, Matasyoh JC, Wachira FN, Kinyua MG, Muigai AWT, MukiamaTK. Chemical composition and antimicrobial activity of the essential oil of Ocimum gratissimum L. growing in Eastern Kenya. African Journal of Biotechnology. 2007; 6:760-765
13. Ntezurubanza L, Scheffer JJC, Svendsen AB. Composition of the essential oil of Ocimum gratissimum grown in Rwanda. Planta Medica. 1987; 53:421-423
14. Nakamura CV, Ueda-Nakamura T, Bando E, Melo AFN, Cortez DAG, Filho BPD. Antibacterial activity of Ocimum gratissimum L. essential oil. Memórias doInstituto Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro. 1999; 94:675-678
15. Chimnoi N, Reuk-ngam N, Chuysinuan P, Khlaychan P, Khunnawutmanotham N, Chokchaichamnankit D, et al. Characterization of essential oil from Ocimum gratissimum leaves Antibacterial and mode of action against selected gastroenteritis pathogens. Microbial Pathogenesis. 2018; 118:290-300
16. Khan A, Ahmad A, Akhtar F, Yousuf S, Xess I, Khan LA, et al. Ocimum sanctumessential oil and its active principles exert their antifungal activity by disrupting ergosterol biosynthesis and membrane integrity. Research in Microbiology. 2010; 161:816-823
17. Kicel A, Kurowska A, Kalemba D. Composition of the essential oil of Ocimum sanctum L. grown in Poland during vegetation. Journal of Essential Oil Research. 2005; 17: 217-219
18. Ijaz B, Hanif MA, Mushtaq Z, Khan MM, Bhatti IA, Jilani MJ. Isolation of bioactive fractions from Ocimum Sanctum essential oil. Oxidation Communications. 2017; 40:158-167
19. Available from; https://www.researchgate.net/publication/290170414_A_review_on_Krishna_tul si_Ocimum_tenuiflorum_Linn
20. Sundaram, R. Shanmuga; Ramanathan, M; Rajesh, R; Satheesh, B; Saravanan, D (2012). "Lc-Ms Quantification of Rosmarinic Acid and Ursolic Acid in Theocimum Sanctumlinn. Leaf Extract (Holy Basil, Tulsi)". Journal of Liquid Chromatography and Related Technologies. Available from: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ocimum_tenuiflorum
21. Available from: https://dmapr.icar.gov.in/Publications/Bulletine/ocimum%2016-1-15.pdf
22. Available from: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tulsi_in_Hinduism
23. An industrial cultivation of Tulsi (Ocimum sanctum) for medicinal use and ruralempowerment.
24. TJ Faria, F Yassumoto, RS Roberto, L Souza, J IshikawaAntifungal activity of essential oil isolated from Ocimum gratissimum L. (eugenol chemotype) against phytopathogenic fungi.
25. Available from: https://www.aromedi herbs.com/tulsi-cultivation.htm
26. Available from: http://impactfactor.org/PDF/IJPPR/7/IJPPR,Vol7,Issue1,Article15.pdf
27. Balaji R, Prakash G, Suganya Devi P, Aravinthan K. Antioxidant activity of methanol extract of Ocimum tenuiflorum (dried leaf and stem). International Journal of Pharmaceutical Research and Development 2011; 3: 20-27.
28. Pattanayak P, Behera P, Das D, Panda SK. Ocimum sanctum Linn. A reservoir plant for therapeutic applications: An overview. Pharmacognosy Reviews 2010; 4(7): 95.
29. Vyas P. Use of essential oils against gram-negative pathogens. Journal of Drug Delivery and Therapeutics 2012; 2(6).
30. Tanko Y, Magaji G, Yerima M, Magaji R, Mohammed A. Anti-nociceptive and anti-inflammatory activities of aqueous leaves extract of Ocimum gratissimum (Labiate) in rodents. African Journal of Traditional, Complementary and Alternative Medicines. 2008; 5(2): 141-146.
31. Agarwal K, Varma R. Ocimum gratissimum L.: A Medicinal Plant with Promising Antiurolithiatic Activity. International Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Drug Research. 2014; 6(1): 78-81.
32. Mbata T, Saika A. Antibacterial activity and phytochemical screening of crude ethanolic extract of leaves of Ocimum gratissimum on Listeria monocytogenes. The Internet Journal Microbiology. 2008; 4(2): 1-13.
33. Jaggi RK, Madaan R, Singh B. Anticonvulsant potential of holy basil, Ocimum sanctum Linn., and its cultures. Indian Journal of Experimental Biology 2003; 41:1329-1333.
34. Ilori MO, Sheteolu AO, Omonigbehin EA, Adeneye AA. Antidiarrhoeal activities of Ocimum gratissimum (Lamiaceae). Journal of Diarrhoeal Diseases Research. 1996: 283-285.
35. Khanna N, Bhatia J. Antinociceptive action of Ocimum sanctum (Tulsi) in mice: possible mechanisms involved. Journal of Ethnopharmacology. 2003; 88(2): 293-296.
36. Chukwura E, Iheukwumere I. Larvicidal activity of Ocimum gratissimum and Solenostemon monostachyus leaves on Anopheles gambiae. Journal of Scientificand Industrial Research. 2013; 72(9-10): 577-580.
37. Okoli C, Ezike A, Agwagah O, Akah P. Anticonvulsant and anxiolytic evaluationof leaf extracts of Ocimum gratissimum, a culinary herb. Pharmacognosy Research. 2010; 2(1): 36.
38. Holetz FB, Ueda-Nakamura T, Filho BPD, Cortez DAG, Morgado-Diaz JA, Nakamura CV. Effect of essential oil of Ocimum gratissimum on the trypanosomatid Herpetomonas samuelpessoai. Acta Protozoologica. 2003; 42(4): 269-276.
39. https://www.researchgate.net/profile/NarayanFirke/publication/313728318_Therapeutic_activities_of_Ocimu m_tenuiflorum_accounted_in_last_decade_A_review/links/5b404f98aca2728a0d5d504f/Therapeutic- activities-of-Ocimum- tenuiflorum-accounted-in-last-decade-A-review.pdf
40. Asha MK, Prashanth D, Murali B, Padmaja R, Amit A, Anthelmintic activity ofessential oil of Ocimum sanctum and eugenol, Fitoterapia. 2001; 72: 669-670.
41. Available from: https://www.researchgate.net/profile/SandeepPandey8/publication/321429544_A ntibacterial_and_antifungal_activities_of_ocimum_gratissimum_l/links/5a218635a6fdcc4ab7f389b4/antibacterial-and- antifungal-activities-of-ocimum-gratissimum-l.pdf
42. Gulabkunverha. Charaka Samhita: an English, Hindi, and Gujarati translation. Jamnagar (India): Shree Gulabkunerba Ayurvedic Society; 1949.
43. Ainslie W. Materia Indica. Vol. 1. London: Longman Rees Orme Brown and Green; 1826.
44. Ahonkhai I, Ba A, Edogun O, Mu U. Antimicrobial activities of the volatile oils of Ocimum bacilicum L. and Ocimum gratissimum L. (Lamiaceae) against some aerobic dental isolates. Sartoratto A, Machado ALM, Delarmelina C, Figueira GM, Duarte MCT, RehderVLG. Composition and antimicrobial activity of essential oils from aromatic plants used in Brazil. Braz J Microbiol. 2004; 35:275-80.
45. Olamide SO, Agu GC. The assessment of the antimicrobial activities of Ocimum gratissimum (Wild Basil) and Vernonia Amygdalina (Bitter Leaf) on some entericpathogens causing dysentery or diarrhea in patients. Int J Eng Sci. 2013; 2:83-96.
46. Ilori M, Sheteolu AO, Omonigbehin EA, Adeneye AA. Antidiarrhoeal activities of Ocimum gratissimum (Lamiaceae). J Diarrhoeal Dis Res. 1996; 14:283-5.
47. Gupta RK, Kath RK, Antioxidant activity of hydroalcoholic extract of Ocimum sanctum in animal models of peptic ulcer, Indian J. Physiol. Pharmacol. 2006; 50: 391-396.
48. Hakkim FL, Shankar CG, Girua S, Chemical composition and antioxidant property of holy basil (Ocimum sanctum L.) leaves, stems, and inflorescence andtheir in vitro callus cultures. J. Agr. Food Chem. 2007; 55: 9109-9117.
49. Juntachote T, Bergofer E, Antioxidative properties and stability of ethanolic extracts of Holy basil and Galangal. Food Chem. 2005; 92: 193-202.
50. Kelm, MA, Nair MG, Strasburg GM, DeWitt DL, Antioxidant and cyclooxygenase inhibitory phenolic compounds from Ocimum sanctum Linn. Phytomedicine. 2000; 7: 7-13.
51. Sood, S, Narang D, Dinda AK, Maulik SK. Chronic oral administration ofOcimum sanctum Linn· augments cardiac endogenous antioxidants and prevents isoproterenol-induced myocardial necrosis in rats. J. Pharm. Pharmacol. 2005; 57: 127-133.
52. Gupta DK, Tripathi AK, Rajora VS, Gupta GC, Shukla SK. Evaluation of antioxidant activity of Ocimum sanctum and Emblica officinalis in rats. Indian J. of Anim. Sci. 2007; 77: 563-565.
53. Suzuki A, Shirota O, Mori K, Sekita S, Fuchino H, Takano A, Kuroyanagi M. Leishmanicidal Active Constituents from Nepalese Medicinal Plant Tulsi (Ocimum sanctum L.). Chem. Pharm. Bull. 2009; 57: 245- 251.
54. Hannan JMA, Marenah L, Ali L, Rokeya B, Flatt PR, Abdel Wahab YHA. Ocimum sanctum leaf extracts stimulate insulin secretion from perfused pancreas, isolated islets and clonal pancreatic ß-cells. J. Endocrinol. 2006; 189: 127-136.
55. Patil R, Ahirwar B, Ahirwar D. Isolation and characterization of anti-diabetic component (bioactivity-guided fractionation) from Ocimum sanctum L. (Lamiaceae) aerial part. Asian Pac. J. Trop. Med. 2011; 4: 278-282.
56. Yucharoen R, Anuchapreeda S, Tragoolpua Y. Anti-herpes simplex virus activityof extracts from the culinary herbs Ocimum sanctum L., Ocimum basilicum L. and Ocimum americanum L. Afr. J. Biotech. 2011; 10: 860-866.
57. Ravindran R, Samson J, Sheeladevi R. Oxidative stress in brain and antioxidant activity of Ocimum sanctum in noise exposure. Neurotoxicology. 2007; 28: 679- 685
58. Shetty S, Udupa S, Udupa L. Evaluation of antioxidant and wound healing effectsof alcoholic and aqueous extract of Ocimum sanctum Linn in rats. Evid. Based Complement. Alternat. Med. 2008; 5: 95-101.
59. Goel A, Kumar S, Singh DK, Bhatia, AK. Wound healing potential of Ocimum sanctum Linn. with induction of tumor necrosis factor-alpha. Indian J. Exp. Biol. 2010; 48: 402-406.
60. Prakash J, Gupta SK. Chemopreventive activity of Ocimum sanctum seed oil. Journal of Ethnopharmacol.2000; 72: 29-34
61. Available from: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2221169115300897
62. AM Janssen, JJ Scheffer, L Ntezurubanza, AB Svendsen Antimicrobial activities of some Ocimum species grown in Rwanda. J Ethnopharmacol. 1998; 26 : 57-63
63. PH Zollo, L Biyiti, F Tchoumbougnang, C Menut, C Lamaty, PH Bouchet Aromatic plants of tropical Africa. Part XXXII. Chemical composition and antifungal activity of thirteen essential oils from aromatic plants of Cameroon Flavour. Frag J. 1998; 13: 107-114
64. B Wannissorn, S Jarikasem, T Siriwangchai, S Thubthimthel Antibacterial properties of essential oils from Thai medicinal plants Fitoterapia, 76, 2005, pp. 233Medicinal Importance. Research J. Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry. 2010; 2(2): 93-101.
65. Sagar B. Marathe, Mali Naitik, Azam Z. Shaikh. The Therapeutic Action of Queen of Herb (Ocimum tenuiflorum). Research Journal of Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry. 2022; 14(3): 192-4.
66. Pooja, Anil Kumar. A Systemic Review of Tulsi (Ocimum tenuiflorum or Ocimum sanctum): Phytoconstituents, Ethnobotanical and Pharmacological Profile. Research Journal of Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry. 2023; 15(2): 179-8.
67. J. Insira Sarbeen. Preliminary phytochemical analysis of Peppermint Oil and Tulsi Oil. Research J. Pharm. and Tech. 2015; 8(7): 929-931.
68. Basavraj P, Nitin M. Antinociceptive activity of Tulsi Amrit (A Polyherbal Formulation) in selective pain induced models in rats. Res. J. Pharmacology and Pharmacodynamics.2017; 9(4): 173-177.
69. Saftarasmi, Lakshmi T. Ocimum Sanctum in Dental Care -A Mini Review. Research J. Pharm. and Tech. 2014; 7(1): 101-103.
70. S. D. Mankar, Sahil B. Shaikh, Avesh A. Tamboli. Formulation of Herbal Tablet with the help of Tulsi and Turmeric Extract which Showing Antimicrobial Activity. Research J. Science and Tech. 2020; 12(1): 69-73.
71. R. Chandrasekar, B. Sivagami. Formulation and Evaluation of a Poly Herbal Skin Care Cream containing Neem and Tulsi. Research J. Topical and Cosmetic Sci. 2018; 9(1): 25-32.
72. Mayur N. Ghotkar, Shubham S. Kharade, Rushikesh S. Chavan, Ranjit S. Jadhav, Nisha M. Jagtap, Ganesh B. Vambhurkar. Formulation and Evaluation of Herbal Facewash for Acne. Asian J. Pharm. Ana. 2018; 8(4): 183-185.
73. Asha M. Jagtap, Sudhir R. Kaulage, Shivam S. Kanse, Vishal D. Shelke, Akshata S. Gavade, Ganesh B. Vambhurkar, Rohit R. Todkar, Vidya N. Dange. Preparation and Evaluation of Toothpaste. Asian J. Pharm. Ana. 2018; 8(4): 191-194.