INTRODUCTION:
A cosmetic product shall mean "any substance or preparation intended to be placed in contact with various external parts of the human body (epidermis, hair system, nails, lips and external genital organs) or with teeth and the mucous membranes of the oral cavity, with a view exclusively or mainly to cleaning them, perfuming them, changing their appearance and/or correcting body odours and/or protecting them or keeping them in good condition" It includes skin moisturizers, lipsticks, nail polishes, eye and facial makeup products, shampoos, permanent waves, hair colouring products, and deodorants as well as any material intended for use as a component of a cosmetic product A vital component of the human body is the hair. Hair loss, unmanageable hair, low volume, conditioning, premature greying, dandruff, hair thinning, dullness, and other issues are among the issues linked to it. Hair can differ in texture, colour, length, diameter, and shape. In addition, the hair's cross section may be flattened, asymmetrical, triangular, or circular, all of which might affect the hair's curl. Every mammal has hair. Its primary function is to control body temperature. In addition, it seeks to reduce friction, protect from sunlight, and serve as a pathway organ.1
The world is currently attempting to return to adopting natural herbal therapies because they have no further harmful effects on ailments. Our hair is being treated with synthetic cosmetics, which is causing it to weaken, lose vibrancy, and shine. Herbal shampoo is a widely used and unstable product worldwide. It has been used for several years. Today's market offers a variety of chemical shampoos that can both treat hair issues and cause damage. The definition of herbal shampoo is a mixture of a surfactant (surface active material) in an appropriate liquid, solid, or powder form that, when applied as directed, will remove dirt, oil, and other surface debris from the scalp and hair shaft without harming the user's hair, scalp, or general health. There are numerous varieties of herbal shampoo, including powder, liquid, lotion, cream, jelly, aerosol and specialty herbal shampoos for babies, conditioning and anti-dandruff. However, herbal shampoo will become more prevalent in the future. Herb extract is mixed with all-natural components. It aids in the adaptation of hair's moisture content, sheen, growth, thickness, and root strength. The fact that herbal shampoo has no negative effects is by far its greatest feature. Herbal shampoos include Amla, Reetha, Shikakai, Brahmi, Bhringaraj, Nagamotha, Aloevera, and other natural ingredients. The market for herbal shampoos is expected to grow in the future.2
Herbal shampoo uses ingredients benefits:
1. Amla:
The Indian gooseberry, or amla, has a lot of vitamin C. It has a tonne of health advantages. Amla powder is a crucial component of hair tonics, helping to promote better hair colouring and development. It strengthens the roots, maintains colour, and enhances lustre. Applying amla oil to hair roots enhances colour and growth Reduced baldness and hair loss is the most widely used application. This property results from the tannins in the form of tannic acid, iron, gallic acid, ellagic acid, and antioxidant material, which prevents dandruff-related free radical damage to hair follicles.3
2. Neem (Azadirachta indica):
Glycyrrhizin, a liquorice component, has been shown to stop the scalp from producing oil. One theory suggests that lowering scalp oil content could at least somewhat mitigate dandruff's consequences.4
3. Shikakai:
Shikakai may naturally soften and smoothen hair by releasing essential oils and vitamins that are important for hair growth. It may encourage hair development and may help maintain hair silky and lustrous. When used for hair, shikakai may help with the restoration of hair’s glossy texture, thickness and length.5
4. Lemon (Citrus limon):
Citrus fruits, especially lemons, have been used to cure dandruff and other skin issues. Because of its high vitamin C concentration, the skin's pH equilibrium may be restored. A few drops of lemon juice added to a herbal shampoo can leave hair lustrous and smooth while also cleansing the scalp.6
5. Tulsi:
Holy basil, also known as tulsi, has long been utilised in religious art. It supports healthy blood circulation and maintains the scalp in a relaxed state, which lessens irritation and dandruff and encourages hair growth It is applied as a paste to prevent dandruff and maintain clean scalp roots.7
6. Reetha:
The dried fruit powder may be used as a foaming agent in shampoos It may clean the oily secretions in the skin and might be used as a cleanser for hair and a hair tonic as it forms a natural lather It may also be used for removing lice from hair.8
7. Hibiscus Leaves:
Dried leaves of Hibiscus roses Prevent hair loss and hair growth promoters.9
8. Henna Leaves:
Dried leaves of Lawsonia inermis Growth of hair, Conditioner, Pacify hair fall, graying of hair, and treat skin diseases.10
9. Aloe Vera:
Moisturizer hair, Promotes hair growth, Smooth Scalp, Reduces dandruff, Strengthens hair.11
Ideal Properties of Shampoo:
1. To make the hair smooth and shiny.
2. Produce good amount of foam.
3. Should not cause irritant to scalp, skin and eye.
4. Should completely, and effectively remove dirt.
5. Impart pleasant fragrance to hair.
Functions of Shampoo:
1. It should effectively and completely remove dirt or soil.
2. It should effectively wash the hair.
3. It should produce a good amount of foam to satisfy the user.
4. It should be readily removed by rinsing with water.
5. It should impart a pleasant fragrance to the hair.
6. It should not have any side effects or cause irritation to the skin and eye
Advantages of herbal shampoo over chemical shampoo:
Shampoos make the bold promise that they can change your hair to resemble a fantasy book character. Even though chemical shampoos appear to improve hair texture throughout the length of the hair, they ultimately harm the roots, which leads to the following problems: split ends, excessive hair loss, early ageing and greying of the hair, dryness and itching of the scalp. It is advised that you switch to an herbal shampoo to handle all of these problems since it will restore the nutrients that have been lost while also repairing the damage.
Allopathic shampoo:
Harmful effects of various chemicals used in commercial shampoo:
1. Sodium Lauryl Sulphate:
One of the most dangerous substances found in almost all shampoos is sodium lauryl sulphate, commonly known as sodium laureth sulphate. Monododecyl ester, sodium salt, and sulfuric acid are combined to create sodium lauryl sulphate. Skin absorption of SLS allows it to enter the brain, heart, and other organs, where it accumulates over time and causes damage. If polluted, SLS also contains the recognised carcinogen dioxane. Effects of sodium lauryl sulphate that are harmful.
Skin irritant: Because SLS irritates the skin, it is employed in clinical research as the industry-standard irritant against which other compounds are evaluated. Most solutions employ a 30% solution of SLS, which irritates people at concentrations of 0.5%.
Eye Irritating: Shampoo frequently irritates the eyes when being used, and if it contains SLS, the cornea may be permanently damaged. SLS damages the hair follicles, which results in hair loss.
Hormone Imbalance: SLS can mess with our hormones as it is absorbed through the skin. By binding to oestrogen receptors, SLS causes the body to lose control over the oestrogen hormone. SLS may cause menstruation issues in women, which therefore may impair fertility. SLS may raise oestrogen levels in men, causing breast growth, a decline in sperm count, and sperm quality issues. testosterone decreases and increases mobility. Cause of Cancer: SLS affects the protein in our cells, which results in cancer. SLS produces nitrates, which are taken into our bodies through the skin and have the potential to cause very serious harm over time. SLS is also known to cause genetic material in our cells to mutate. Still, Due to its many qualities, manufacturers add sodium lauryl sulphate to shampoos. It works well as a foaming agent, giving our shampoo the lovely lather, we love while using it. Hair is cleaned by it.12
2. Formaldehyde:
The majority of shampoos contain the preservative formaldehyde. It is not necessary to list an ingredient on shampoo packaging. It has the label "Quaternium - 15" on it. It is acknowledged for having cancer-causing properties, There have been reports of allergic contact dermatitis caused by formaldehyde in shampoo.
3. Silicates:
Silicones and silicates, which coat the hair strand, are present in synthetic conditioners and shampoos that add shine. Due to the silicone coating's ability to reflect light, the hair looks to be lustrous and healthy. Even though our hair appears immediately glossy and attractive, utilising these shampoos and conditioners for an extended length of time causes these silicones to collect They are non-biodegradable and difficult to wash once accumulated after regular use, which causes the hair to become dull. The notion that herbal cosmetics and shampoos are safe and without negative effects has led to an increase in demand for these products. Nowadays, several herbal shampoos on the market contain herbal components including plant extracts and essential oils. Numerous herbs have been discovered to benefit hair and are typically.13
4. Cocamidopropyl betaine:
Cocamidopropyl betaine is a widely used amphoteric surfactant in shampoos. It is said to lead to contact allergies. Cocamidopropyl betaine cosmetic allergies have been documented and all of the instances were brought on by shampoo or shower gel According to a different study "no tears shampoos" for kids include cocamidopropyl betaine. The study's findings suggest that increased chemical exposure may be to blame for the rise in allergic contact dermatitis prevalence in youngsters.
5. Diethanolamine:
Diethanolamine, sometimes known as DEA, is a typical ingredient in bath products. Users of DEA and any DEA derivative, such as the widely used cocamide DEA, have been shown to experience major health issues. Dr. Samuel Epstein, a leading toxicologist who testified that DEA is a potential carcinogen whose repeated use in even small doses increases the risk of cancer, detailed the negative effects of DEA in a report by M.D. of the University of Illinois.14
6. N-nitroso diethanolamine (NDELA):
N-nitroso diethanolamine (NDELA) is a substance that has been linked to cancer. NDELA is introduced into SLS when it comes into contact with alkalonamides. According to Schothorst etal. NDELA content was measured in 25 cosmetics, including shampoos and gels, and it was found to be above the limit of quantification in seven of the 25 samples of cosmetics.
7. Selenium sulphide:
Anti-dandruff shampoos include selenium sulphide in concentrations of 1% for over-the-counter goods and 2.5% for ones supplied with a prescription. A bioassay of selenium sulphide that was carried out by giving it to rats and mice revealed that it is carcinogenic for rats and female mice. B In a different study, hair samples from volunteers were examined before and after being washed with particular shampoos utilising Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectroscopy (ICP-MS) detection in a semi-quantitative mode. A shampoo with selenium sulphide has been proven to seriously taint hair. Having dandruff on the scalp is a widespread issue that affects a lot of people. The use of antidandruff shampoos, which typically contain salicylic acid, zinc pyrithione, selenium sulphide, sulphur coal tar, and other ingredients, is one alternative for managing dandruff. These substances have some restrictions and can't stop dandruff from coming back. Continuous usage of these shampoos causes the scalp to become dry and the hair to become brittle. So it is advised to use a good conditioner after using an anti-dandruff shampoo. Some anti-dandruff shampoos contain coal tar, which not only stains coloured or grey hair and makes the scalp more susceptible to sunlight, but is also cancer-causing. According to an assessment by the WHO's International Agency for Research on Cancer, 1885 coal tar itself has been determined to be mutagenic, carcinogenic in animals, and phototoxic.15
Allergic reactions from allopathic shampoo:
Your skin is one of the first locations where symptoms might appear. They typically show up 24 to 48 hours after you come into contact with the irritant chemical, but they can appear as early as a week later. Different people may experience different allergy symptoms. The following are some of the most frequent.
1. Red skin: This is the most common symptom. The skin may be itchy, dry, or have a burning sensation. Burning or itchy scalp, which may be intense: This can be a sign that the scalp is trying to protect itself from the allergen. Swelling of the face, especially around the eyes: This can be a sign of anaphylaxis, a life-threatening allergic reaction.
2. Scaly patches: This can be a sign of eczema, which is a chronic skin condition that can be triggered by an allergic reaction.
3. Hives: These are raised, red, itchy bumps that can appear anywhere on the body.
4. Blisters: These are small, fluid-filled bumps that can appear on the skin.
5. Sun sensitivity: This is a sign that the skin has been damaged by the allergen.
6. Eczema: This is a chronic skin condition that can be triggered by an allergic reaction.
7. Hair loss: This can be a sign of an allergy to PPD, which is a common ingredient in hair dyes.
Shampoo-induced allergic contact dermatitis has a diverse and variable distribution, making clinical diagnosis challenging. It may manifest as dermatitis of the scalp, face, neck, or in a combination of these areas. Any surface that comes into contact with the shampoo could experience the effect. Since the chemicals of many shampoos are fairly similar, switching from one suspected shampoo to another could not alleviate or improve the symptoms.16
CONCLUSION:
The formulated shampoo was not only safer than the chemical conditioning agent but also greatly reduced hair loss during combination as well as strengthened hair growth the pH of the shampoo was adjusted to retain the acidic mental of the scalp the physiochemical approach used for the preservation of the formulation to avoid the risk posed by chemical preservatives in herbal shampoo better in performance and safer than the synthetic one will be popular with consumers. Nowadays there is a strong demand for natural therapies, and this is increasing in Western countries. Hence we conclude that the polyherbal formulation of Shampoo is effective in reducing dandruff without irritation, less adverse effect and better conditioning effect. The awareness and need for cosmetics with herbs is on the rise, as it is strongly believed that these products are safe and free from side effects. For the treatment of dandruff, we have both synthetic and natural herbal shampoos. But when compared to chemical-based shampoos, herbal-based shampoos are more effective in terms of safety and ease of manufacturing and from an economic point of view they are cheap. Herbal formulations fulfil the needs of the growing world market
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Received on 26.05.2024 Revised on 29.07.2024 Accepted on 09.09.2024 Published on 20.12.2024 Available online from November 25, 2024 Res. J. Pharmacognosy and Phytochem. 2024; 16(4):258-262. DOI: 10.52711/0975-4385.2024.00048 ©A&V Publications All right reserved
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