Review on Aegle marmelos: It is Multiailmenttree

 

Jejurkar Prajakta, Jejurkar Sahil

Pravara Rural College of Pharmacy, Pravaranagar.

 

ABSTRACT:

Aegle marmelos, commonly known as bael, also Bengal quince, golden apple, Japanese bitter orange, stone apple or wood, belonging to the family Rutaceae, is a moderate sized, slender and aromatic tree. It is a rare species of tree native to the Indian subcontinent and Southeast Asia.It is present in India, Bangladesh, Sri Lanka, Nepal as a naturalized species. The tree is considered to be sacred by Hindus. Each of its part features a different use and different taste. Aegle marmelos is used to treat different diseases such as control Cholesterol, Control diabetes mellitus, manage cough and asthma, laxative effect etc. Extensive investigations have been carried out on different parts of Aegle marmelos and as a consequence, varied classes of compound viz., alkaloids, coumarins, terpenoids, fatty acids and amino acids are isolated from its different parts. This review discussed the medicinal uses to improve bael as a profitable cash crop.

 

 

 

INTRODUCTION:

Bael, Aegle marmelos (L.) Corrêa, is one of the medicinally treasured tree species Out of the 250,000 live terrestrial plant species on the planet, Bael, Aegle marmelos (L.) Corrêa, is one of the most medicinally valuable tree sspecie¹. In India, bael is also known as begal-quince, golden apple, and stone apple and is considered a sacred tree in Hindu areas.² The monotypic genus Aegle has only one member, Bael. It’s a deciduous shrub or small to medium-sized tree with slender drooping limbs and an open, uneven crown that grows up to 13 metres.³ Bael tree appreciates direct sunlight nurturing and a warm environment. Since it is from the subtropical regions, it grows better in a warm and humid climate, where summers are hot and dry, and the winters, not very harsh. It can adapt to a wide temperature zone from 2-45℃.⁴

 

Bael (Aegle marmelos) is a popular Indian medicinal herb. Biochemical substances found in bael leaves, fruits, and seeds have been utilised to treat diabetes, cardiovascular disease, and inflammation.⁵ Alkaloids, terpenoids, steriods, phenols, glycosides, and other compounds found in plants are the most important.Plants have been used for thousands of years as a natural source of therapeutic.⁶ Humans have used a variety of plants and plant-derived items to treat and relieve a variety of physical and mental illnesses. Traditional Chinese, Ayurvedic, Siddha, Unani, and Tibetan remedies all use these herbs.⁷ The use of plants for the treatment of various health conditions is also described in ancient literature such as the Rigveda, Yajurveda, Atharvaveda, Charak Samhita, and Sushruta Samhita. Various medicinal properties of these plants have been reported for anticancer activity, antibacterial activity, antifungal activity, antidiabetic activity, antioxidant activity, hepatoprotective activity, haemolytic activity, activity, and anti-inflammatory activity over the last five decades using advanced scientific techniques.⁸

 

Taxonomical Classification⁹:

Kingdom : Plantae

Clade       : Tracheophytes

Clade       : Angiosperms

Clade       : Eudicots

Clade       : Rosids

Order       : Sapindales

Family     : Rutaceae

Subfamily:Aurantioideae

 

 

Genus:

 

Aegle

 

Chemical Constituents Present in Aegle marmelos Plant:

The fruits, bark, leaves, seeds, and roots of bael contain bioactive compounds such as coumarin, xanthotoxol, imperatorin, aegeline, and marmeline. These compounds can provide antidiabetic, anticancerous, antifertility, antimicrobial, immunogenic, and insecticidal activities.¹⁰

 

Medicinal benefits of Aegle marmelos:

Fruit:

It is a fruit that is recognised to be a heart and brain tonic. It’s also good for your gut, and it’s been used for centuries to treat constipation, diarrhoea, diabetes, and other ailments. It contains anti-inflammatory compounds including as tannins, flavonoids, and coumarins.^11,15

 

Leaves:

Vitamins A, B1, B2, C, as well as minerals including calcium, potassium, and iron, are abundant in baelleaves.¹³ Bael leaves provide numerous health benefits, including the treatment of tuberculosis, hepatitis, ulcers, and digestive issues. Beal leaves also contain tannins, which can aid in the treatment of cholera.¹²

 

Bark:

The active constituent “Feronia gum,” which is found in the bark and branches of the bael tree, has been reported to help regulate diabetes.¹³

 

Root:  

Root of the bael tree is used to make an oil.^6,17

 

Why Aegle marmelos is so Important:

Because the goddess Parvati is thought to reside in every part of the Bel tree, it is regarded as the best tree to worship Lord Shiva. Even if one touches the Bel patra, it is stated that he or she will be free of all negativity, sins.¹⁵

 

Pharmacological Properties:¹⁹

·      Wound healing Property

·      Antimicrobial property

·      Anti-pyretic potential

·      Antidiarrheal Activity

·      Ulcer healing Potential

·      Diuretic activity

·      Antithyroid activity

·      Immunomodulatory activity

·      Antifungal activity

·      Anti-Oxidant activity

·      Radioprotective activity

·      Contractile activity

·      Analgesic Activity

 

 

CONCLUSION:

By this we can conclude that the Aegle marmelos has many beneficial properties along with the Ability to treat and prevent various disease. It is high in many pharmacological activities. Aegle marmelos (Bael) is super helpful for human beings because it isused to treat too many ailments.

 

REFERENCE:

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2.     E S. Kintzios. Terrestrial plant-derived anticancer agents and plant species used in anticancer research. Critical Reviews in Plant Sciences. 2006; 25:79–113

3.     S. Baliga, H. P. Bhat, N. Joseph, and F. Fazal. Phytochemistry and medicinal uses of the bael fruit (Aegle marmelos Correa): a concise review. Food Research International. 2011;44(7):1768–1775

4.     Available online on 12 Dec 2021https://indiagardening.com/how-to-grow/how-to-grow-bael-tree-care/

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7.     Available online on 12 Dec 2021https://indianexpress.com/article/lifestyle/health/bael-fruit-summer-drink-health-benefits-6390552/

8.     Available online on 12 Dec 2021https://kalingatv.com/features/five-amazing-health-benefits-of-bael/

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10.   Available online on 12 Dec 2021https://www.indiatoday.in/lifestyle/culture/story/bel-leaf-bel-patra-bel-tree-hindu-puja-rituals-shiva-lord-shiva-shiva-purana-bramha-vishnu-mahesh-hindu-mythology-sattvik-rajas-tamas-parvati-devi-parvati-bel-sherbet-medicinal-values-lifest-1065556-2017-10-16http://jddtonline.info

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14.   G. C. Jagetia, P. Venkatesh, and M. S. Baliga. Fruit extract of Aegle marmelos protects mice against radiation-induced lethality. Integrative Cancer Therapies. 2004;3:323-332,

15.   Lampronti. In Vitro antiproliferative effects on human tumor cell lines of extracts from the Bangladeshi medicinal plant Aegle marmelos Correa.  Phytomedicine. 2003;10:300-308

16.   S. M. Sagar and R. K. Wong. Increasing therapeutic gain and controlling radiation-induced injuries with Asian botanicals and acupuncture. Supportive Cancer Care with Chinese Medicine. W. C. S. Cho, Ed.,2010;109–139

17.   Jagetiagc, Venkatesh P. Radioprotection by oral administration of Aegle marmelos (L.) correa in vivo. J Environ Patholtoxicoloncol. 2005; 24(4):315–332

18.   Purnendu Panda, Banamali Das, G.C. Bhuyan, M.M. Rao. Therapeutic uses of Vilwa (Aegle marmelos) in Ayurveda with Pharmacological Evidence. Research Journal of Pharmacology and Pharmacodynamics. 2021; 13(2):51-4.

19.   Shaikh R. Sajid. Effect of Aegle marmelose Linn. Leaves in Dexamethasone Induced Insulin Resistance Diabetic Mice. Research J. Pharm. And Tech. 8(3): Mar., 2015; Page 270-275.

 

 

 

 

Received on 26.03.2022       Modified on 23.06.2022

Accepted on 14.09.2022       ©A&V Publications All right reserved