memory enhancing drugs, which are today popular all over the world due to their proven effective qualities.

Omega 3 Fatty Acids such as those found in fish oil are also important for brain health. More specifically, low levels of omega 3s have been associated with impaired brain function. The best source of omega-3 fatty acids are found in fish oil.Nutrition can make a big difference in maintaining a well oiled brain The omega-3 fatty acids found in fish increase the brain's ability to send and receive messages reports a scientist from Tufts University. The best way to reach the suggested serving of omega 3( 1.1 to 1.4 grams daily for women and 1.6 grams for men) is by eating fatty fish like Salmon, mackerel or tuna at least three times per week.

Hawthorn:

Hawthorn in combination with Gingko biloba improves head circulation, which in turn improves memory.

Ginkgo biloba (Ginkgo) is popular in Europe as a treatment of the symptoms of early stage AD and vascular dementias (condition of diminished cognition caused by strokes). Meta-analyses and systematic reviews indicate that ginkgo may improve cognition and function in patients with AD. One study concluded that ginkgo might delay the progression of AD by nine months compared to placebo. However, a well-designed study of patients with age-associated memory impairment or very mild dementia failed to show a benefit of ginkgo. There are several large studies in progress that should be more definitive. Nearly all of the clinical studies use a concentrated ginkgo extract standardized to contain 24% ginkgo flavonoid glycosides, 6% terpene lactones, and no more than 5ppm ginkgolic acids. A typical dose was 120-240 mg/day, in divided doses. Ginkgo may be contraindicated in patients with bleeding disorders^1,2. The extract of the Ginkgo leaves contains flavonoid glycosides and ginkgolides and is being used as a memory enhancer as it has positive effects on the vascular system, especially in the cerebellum. It works by increasing the flow of blood to the brain and to all the blood vessels that supply blood and oxygen to the body organs. Ginkgo helps in increasing metabolism efficiency, regulates neurotransmitters, and boosts oxygen levels in the brain which uses 20% of the body’s oxygen. Thus it helps in enhancing your memory, helps in treating problems like Alzheimer’s and other symptoms of cerebral insufficiency. Cerebral insufficiency include various problems like confusion, depression, anxiety, difficulties of concentration and memory, absentmindedness, lack of energy, dizziness, tinnitus, and headache. It is also said to provide energy to the body and helps to counteract the effects of aging.It enhances mental efficiency in elderly patients with mild to moderate memory impairment. It is also shown to improve cognitive function in patients with dementia, to enhance blood flow to the brain, enhances cognitive performance in patients with Alzheimer's disease. Further it is said to enhance memory in young individuals.Many plants in nature have antioxidant properties to protect themselves from the harshness of nature. One such plant is ginkgo biloba. Ginkgo has the properties to protect our brain, blood vessels, and the circulatory system in general.

In young people, ginkgo has shown to help brain function by increasing the blood flow in the brain by nourishing the brain cells. It usually is very effective immediately after taking it. Students who take ginkgo just before going for an examination also have reported, according to studies, to have better recall ability.

It is reported to improve brain function, memory retention, and mental clarity while increasing blood flow and oxygen supply. It can help reduces the deterioration of nerves; neutralize free radicals that damage the body's cells health accelerating aging. Neurological evidence also suggests that ginkgo aids our neurotransmitter receptor sites (Including those all-important serotonin and dopamine sites) in maintaining their youthful resilience and firing capacity.

Ginkgo works by improving the blood circulation to the central nervous system. This is the primary requisite for a healthy and capable brain. Apart from this, ginkgo corrects any damage done to the cells of different parts of the body, including the brain. It also minimizes the effects of the blood clotting. All these properties of the ginkgo have been studied in detail by western experts and they have obtained very encouraging results.

The first significant effect of ginkgo biloba is the relaxation and the expansion of the blood vessels. When this happens, the brain, as well as all the other organs, receives more oxygen. Besides the improvement of blood circulation, the fight against the free radicals is also a way to prevent stroke, which is one of the main causes of memory loss.

Turmeric A majority of the evidence supporting the use of turmeric for the treatment of AD symptoms comes from animal studies. There are no clinical studies on turmeric's' benefit for patients with AD. However, epidemiologic studies show a 4.4-fold lower incidence of AD in places such as India where turmeric is commonly part of the diet. A typical dose of tincture is 5 mL, 3times/day^1,2. Curcumin which is a spice known for its anti-inflammatory effects helps a lot in preventing memory loss. Curcumin is basically that spice which gives yellow curry its bright color and is frequently used as natural food dye.

Lemon balm leaves have historically been used as an anxiolytic and a support for memory. Two randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind studies indicate that lemon balm may be of benefit for AD. In the studies lemon balm improved attention, cognitive function, and produced calmness. Lower doses appear to be more effective for AD. The typical adult dose is fresh-herb tincture 2-5 mL, 3 times/day^{1, 2}.

Salvia miltiorrhiza,(Sage )leaves are traditionally used to support memory. Spanish sage is naturally very low in thujone, a potentially toxic compound. Many studies evaluate Spanish sage in patients with AD because of the low thujone content. Since the herb will be used long-term to treat AD, a species with low thujone content is necessary. There are several small clinical trials in patients with mildto-moderate AD, which show a positive effect on cognitive function. A typical dose is 3-5 mL, 3 times per day. Sage may worsen gastroesophageal reflux in some people and should be used with caution in people with seizure disorders^1,2.

Sage is a mild tonic that fortifies a generally debilitated nervous system. Instead of sedating the nervous system as some nervine herbs do, it actually stimulates the central nervous system, strengthening it to reduce excess nervous energy. This mild tonic quiets the nerves, relieves spasms, helps induce Sleep and combats depression, mental exhaustion, trembling and nervousness. It has been used to calm seasickness, and traditional herbalists even thought it useful in treating certain forms of insanity.

It is an outstanding memory enhancer. In this placebo-controlled, double-blind, crossover study, two trials were conducted using a total of 45 young adult volunteers. Participants were given either placebo or a standardized essential oil extract of sage in doses ranging from 50 to 150 microls. Cognitive tests were then conducted 1, 2, 4, 5, and 6 hours afterwards. In both trials, even the 50 microl dose of sage significantly improved subjects' immediate recall.

In other research presented at the British Pharmaceutical Conference in Harrogate (September 15-17, 2003), Professor Peter Houghton from King's College provided data showing that the dried root of Salvia miltiorrhiza, also known as Danshen or Chinese sage, contains active compounds similar to those developed into modern drugs used to treat Alzheimer's Disease. Sage has been used in the treatment of cerebrovascular disease for over one thousand years. Four compounds isolated from an extract from the root of Chinese sage were found to be acetylcholinesterase (AChE) inhibitors. The memory loss characteristic of Alzheimer's disease is accompanied by an increase of AChE activity that leads to its depletion from both cholinergic and noncholinergic neurons of the brain. Amyloid beta-protein (A beta), the major component of amyloid plaques which form in the brain in Alzheimer's disease, acts on the expression of AChE, and AChE activity is increased around amyloid plaques. By inhibiting this increase in AChE activity, sage provides a useful therapeutic option to the use of pharmaceutical AChE inhibitors. (October 24, 2003)

Rosemary is used historically as a memory enhancer, but research on it is lacking. A typical adult dose of fresh-herb tincture used alone is 3-5 mL, 3 times/day^{1, 2}. Rosemary is among the herbs for memory loss, too. Mainly, it is used as a condiment in the Mediterranean area. However, many studies have revealed that it can enhance the memory by improving directly the mental processes. The herbs for memory loss are also effective in the treatment of Alzheimer’s diseases and dementia. Memory loss is in many cases a symptom of these two health problems.The active ingredient in rosemary, known as carnosic acid (CA), can protect the brain from stroke and neurodegeneration that is due to injurious chemical free radicals. These radicals are thought to contribute not only to stroke and neurodegenerative conditions such as Alzheimer’s, but also to the ill effects of normal aging on the brain.

Withania somnifera Withania somnifera (Ashwagandha) has been used for thousands of years as a popular remedy for many conditions. Withania somnifera is one of the best known and most researched Ayurvedic herbs and holds a place in the Ayurvedic traditions similar to Ginseng in Chinese therapies. For that reason, Withania somnifera has been often referred to as the “Indian Ginseng”. Withania somnifera is used in several indigenous drug preparations for maintaining health as well as treatment of several disease conditions.

Ashwagandha is an adaptogen—an agent that nonspecifically strengthens both the body and mind. Historically adaptogens have been used to offset the symptoms of aging. In vitro, ashwagandha stimulated neurite outgrowth in human brain cells, which may help damaged neuronal circuits in the demented brain. Human trials are lacking. Ashwagandha has a calming effect and is indicated for people with AD plus agitation. For patients that are more catatonic (immobile), a different adaptogen may be better suited^1,2.

Withania somnifera extract (50, 100 and 200 mg/kg; orally) improved retention of a passive avoidance task in a step-down paradigm in mice. It also reversed the scopolamine-induced disruption of acquisition and retention and attenuated the amnesia produced by acute treatment with electro convulsive shock (ECS), immediately after training. Chronic treatment with ECS, for 6 successive days at 24 h intervals, disrupted memory consolidation on day 7. Daily administration of ashwagandha for 6 days significantly improved memory consolidation in mice receiving chronic ECS treatment. Withania somnifera (50 mg/kg) significantly reversed both ibotenic acid-induced cognitive deficit and the reduction in cholinergic markers after 2 weeks of treatment.

In another study conducted, it was observed that Withania somnifera extracts induced an increase in cortical muscarinic acetylcholine receptor capacity which might partly explain the cognition-enhancing and memory-improving effects of the extracts as observed in animals and humans.

Ashwagandha is one of the most essential components used in enhancing memory and overall brain functioning. Ashwagandha is an adaptogen, stress-buster and a re-vitalizer. Ashwagandha has a cooling and calming effect on the brain. After a hard day’s work, ashwagandha can bring the brain back to its normal state of functioning.

Ayurveda regards ashwagandha as a medha rasayana, i.e. a brain tonic. It has direct results in improving the memory capacity of the brain. Ashwagandha is very powerful in making new concepts seem clearer and easy to understand. It is a vital component of almost all herbal brain tonics available in the market.

Concentrated extract of Brahmi contains the active molecules Bacoside A andB. Bacoside A assists in the release of Nitric oxide, that causes the relaxation of the aorta and veins and allows blood to flow more smoothly though the body. Bacoside B is a protein that nourishes the brain cells. Triterpenoid saponins and Bacosides of Bacopa monnieri play key role for enhancing nerve impulse transmission. Herasaponin present in Bacopa exhibits calming sedative action and thus reduce sleeplessness.

Biochemically, nervous-system effects of Brahmi have been attributed to an enhancement of the effects of the neurotransmitters acetylcholine and possibly serotonin or GABA (Gamma Amino Butyric Acid).

It can help cognition and memory by enhancing memory and learning, improving concentration and mental clarity, enhancing mental cognition in older adults. In addition, it repairs nerve damage, as well as stroke and brain injury.
Hippocampus is involved in the formation and retrieval of memories. Age or disease damages synapses, disrupting neurotransmitters. As a result, new memory creation is impaired and memory loss occurs. Bacosides repair damaged neurons by boosting kinase, which is the protein used to synthesise new neurons. It improves the synaptic activity and thus memory can be restored.

Brain-boosting powers are claimed for antioxidants. Although oxygen is vital to our bodies, too much or too little, creates a reaction which eventuates in toxic by-products called free radicals. Every cll in the body is at risk from damage by these highly reactive free radicals and brain cells are no exception. Because the "mop up" free radicals, antioxidants have a protective effect on neurons and may also therefore, be a useful weapon in the fight against cognitive dysfunction - and may prevent neurological damage down the road³.

Preclinical studies have reported that the administration of extract (40mg/kg, p.o.) for three or more days is reported to improve the performance of rats in various learning situations.

Studies revealed that bacosides which are the major phytoconstituents in Bacopa monnieri, help to repair damaged neurons by enhancing proteins involved in the regeneration of neural-cell synapses. These are the relay stations of the brain that facilitate the transmission of nerve impulses. Thus Bacopa monnieri can be viewed as a neural nourisher, restoring depleted synaptic activity and leading to enhanced memory function.

Baccopa monneri is a well-known nootropic plant having sedative,tranquilising⁴,memory-enhancing ^5-7 antioxidant ⁸ and hepatoprotective effects ^9,10

Vinpocetine has been found to help restore long-term potentiation (LTP) when given after its disruption; LTP is the memory quality that is associated with prolonged and profound learning and memory¹¹. Researchers generated a lesion in the area of rats' brains found to be responsible for LTP. What resulted was a significant decrease in LTP's signals, indicating that memory formation had been halted. But after the rats received vinpocetine for six days, LTP was induced and found to be completely restorable. In this study too, vinpocetine was tested against Hydergine^®, a legendary cognitive enhancer, and found to be equally effective. Hydergine increases the release of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) in the hippocampus, activating both glutamatergic synaptic transmission and, in turn, NR2B-containing NMDA receptors¹². Its dramatic enhancement of conceptual ability may be an example of Hebb's rule. Could vinpocetine do the same?

Vinpocetine is a powerful brain and memory enhancer that may yet eclipse all other smart drugs. Vinpocetine improves blood flow to the brain, makes it easier for the brain to use glucose and oxygen, and allows the brain to survive longer and better after periods of oxygen deprivation. Vinpocetine, powerful brain de-ager, referred to as “Viagra for the Brain,” is increasing worldwide in the treatment of cognitive deficits related to “normal” aging. Formerly available as pricey European smart drug Cavinton (AKA VinpocetineRX; Periwinkle; myrtle Vincapervinc; cezayirmenek-sesi), the natural substance has recently become available as a low-cost nutritional supplement in the US.

Vinpocetine takes aim at the brain much the same way Viagra targets the genitals. The mechanism in both improves blood flow, inhibiting a phosphodiesterase enzyme that degrades cyclic GMP to relax constricted arteries and smooth muscle. With Vinpoc-etine, cerebral microcirculation and metabolism improve and brain ATP (the cellular energy molecule) production increases along with the utilization of glucose (cellular energy food) and oxygen.

N-acetyl-L-carnitine- This neuroprotective compound is known as a "short-term memory enhancer" and is vital for production of the neurotransmitter acetylcholine, required for mental function. It may help protect neurons from oxidative damage and prevent age-related decline in memory and mental function. In studies, it has been shown to slow the progression of neurodegenerative disorders such as dementia and Alzheimer's disease.This antioxidant has displayed benefits for the brain and neurological function. It may defend against various toxins, break down mucus. ALC has a significantly more noticeable effect on the mind than carnitine. ALC usually enhances mental clarity and focus, along with slight mood elevation. The effects of carnitine are more physicial than mental, in the sense that carnitine may provide physical energy whereas acetyl-L-carnitine provides more mental energy.

Centellaasiatica(GotuKola)

Centella asiatica, commonly known as Mandookaparni is a widely available Indian herb has been used for centuries in Indian systems of medicine. In India for the last 3,000 years of Ayurvedic medicine, it has been used for the purposes like boosting memory, wound healing, a mild diuretic, increasing concentration, alertness, as well as anti-anxiety and anti-stress. It has also been used for centuries in the treatment of liver and kidney problems.

Gotu kola has been referred to as "food for the brain". This herb has demonstrated anti-anxiety and anti-stress effects, as well as improving mental functions such as concentration and memory. It has a calming effect on the body and is chiefly used to support the central nervous system. These beneficial qualities make Gotu kola an excellent herb for children with A.D.D. because it has a stimulating effect on the brain that increases one's ability to focus while having a soothing and relaxing effect on an overactive nervous system. it has been used for many other symptoms too. Gotu Kola also has anti-oxidant properties, and its aphrodisiac properties have given it the ancient reputation of giving men erections with the strength and agility. Centella Asiatica is used to re-vitalize the brain and nervous system, increase attention span and concentration and combat ageing.

The gotu kola is very effective in increasing the circulation of blood to different parts of the body, including the brain. It protects the brain from damage due to the wear and tear of its cells. Gotu kola can regenerate lost energy from the human system, and make the person feel more zestful.

Gotu kola is generally used in tonics intended to re-vitalize the brain. It improves concentration, makes the brain more receptive to information and also brings about an enhancement in the memory.

In pharmacological and clinical trials Centella asiatica has been found to improve the power of concentration and general ability and behavior of mentally retarded children. The clinical trials demonstrated that the extract increases the intelligence quotient in mentally retarded children. In a clinical trial an Ayurvedic drug having Centella asiatica as one of the main ingredients reported marked improvement is seen in children with behavioral problems. It is found to improve short-term memory and learning performance due to its possible nootropic action involving cholinergic and GABAergic modulation.

Preclinical studies showed an impressive improvement in memory. The treated rats retained learned behavior 3 to 60 times better than the untreated rats. Centella asiatica causes an overall decrease in the turnover of central monoamines, implicating the involvement of Norepinephrine, Dopamine and 5-HT systems in learning and memory process.

Citicoline: It is a form of choline that helps replenish the brain with phosphatidylserine, a key cell membrane phospholipid. The compound also appears to have a number of effects that protect neurons in the brain from degeneration. Citicoline (cytidine-5-diphosphocholine, or CDP-choline) may help boost the levels of certain key brain phospholipids and has led the researchers to suggest that the administration of oral citicoline may be of use in reversing age-related changes in the brain and help people after stroke to prevent memory loss.

Phosphatidyl Serine (PS): It is the brains major phospholipid, PS is essential to cell membrane, and may protect against age-related deterioration. This nutrient may also be effective at helping to improve memory and neural function. PS is a phospholipid that is a component of brain cell membranes, and is present in every single cell in the body. Taken as a dietary supplement, PS is a key building block for nerve cells, which are the basis for effective brain function on every level. It can help reverses memory loss linked to aging; helping the brain respond to stress; improving mood, fighting depression.

DMAE: It has been demonstrated to elevate mood, increase intelligence, improve memory and learning as it extends lifespan. It also been shown to stabilize lysosome membranes, preventing the uncontrolled leakage of lysosomal enzymes in the cells and the resulting damage of important intracellular organelles. Normally found in small amounts in our brains, supplemental DMAE converts into the vital neurotransmitter acetylcholine. DMAE is a precursor to choline and acetylcholine. However, DMAE has been shown to cross the blood-brain barrier faster than choline. It is the choline inside cells that is converted to phosphatidylcholine, used in the building and repair of cell membranes, especially in the brain.DMAE is a memory enhancing substance common to a number of drugs that are known to stabilize cell membranes. Cell membrane degradation has been proposed as one of the prime mechanisms of aging. DMAE is a precursor to choline and acetylcholine. However, DMAE has been shown to cross the blood-brain barrier faster than choline. It is the choline inside cells that is converted to phosphatidylcholine, used in the building and repair of cell membranes, especially in the brain.DMAE is found in fish, especially sardines and anchovies. Research suggests that DMAE may increase levels of the neurotransmitter acetylcholine, one of the chemicals in the brain that is essential for memory and learning and enhances mental powers. Although evidence that DMAE actually influences acetylcholine levels is contradictory, some people who have tried DMAE report better memory powers, especially improved short-term memory. In addition, improved concentration, mental clarity, focus, and sleep were reported as well. Often times, nutrition-oriented physicians prescribe DMAE along with the dietary supplement phosphatidyl choline, another memory enhancer.

B vitamins are important for protecting your brain. The ability to process complex tasks in the brain has been attributed to folate( one of the B vitamins). B vitamins seem to play a role in the functioning of neurotransmitters. Fruits and vegetables, especially leafy green vegetables like spinach are rich sources of folate. Also important for cognitive function: B12 found in meat, fish and fortified cereals. Many people become deficient in B12 as they age, and low levels of the vitamin have been linked to problems with verbal memory, visual recall and short-term memory.If you are on acid blockers long term ask your doctor to check your vitamin B12 levels, since these types of medications can sometimes interfere with the absorption of B12.Vitamin B6 plays an essential role in brain function because it controls the synthesis and production of neurotransmitters like serotonin and GABA. It is responsible for controlling sleep patterns, moods, appetite and pain sensitivity and has been found to alleviate depression, anxiety and stress disorders. Deficiencies can cause insomnia and central nervous system malfunctioning. Supplementation can improve memory loss and other ailments.Vitamin E is a powerful antioxidant that helps to protect brain cells and the myelin sheath against the damage caused by free radicals. Food sources include wheat germ, nuts like walnuts, seeds, eggs, leafy green vegetables, and whole grains. It has been shown to slow the progression of Alzheimer's disease.

Huperzine A:Huperzine A is an alkaloid that acts as an acetylcholinesterase inhibitor, inhibiting the enzyme that breaks down the neurotransmitter, acetylcholine. Derived from Huperzia Serrata, a herb used for centuries in traditional Chinese medicine, it has antioxidant and neuroprotective properties. It has proven to be effective in improving cognitive and memory abilities in those with Alzheimer's disease.

Mulethi (Glycyrrhiza glabra) Mulethi is none other than licorice, the herb already known worldwide for its various curative properties. Mulethi is an efficient brain tonic and a re-vitalizer for the brain. Like most of the other herbs mentioned here, mulethi also rejuvenates the brain. In times of stress, mulethi can stimulate mental functions so as to feel a calming and relaxing effect. Mulethi increases the circulation into the central nervous system and balances the sugar levels in the blood. Mulethi is frequently provided to students who are preparing for important examinations, as it helps to remember small facts and bits of information.

Acorus calamus:It is traditionally employed in nervous disorders. The rhizomes of Acorus calamus are used in loss of memory given in combination with other drugs like Centella asiatica, Bacopa moneira and Rauwolfia serpentina as a memory booster.Acorus calamus well known for its memory enhancing activity enhanced learning performance, of the descendents of drug-administered animals, and the animals themselves. Acorus when mixed with food and given to albino rats, showed excellent learning performance, enhancing activity proving its popular memory boosting activity. It is a very vigorous brain tonic, because it shows results in a very short time. It increases the overall memory of the person and strengthens the nervous system. It is prescribed to people who have amnesia.Improving the memory is a quest on which human beings have embarked centuries ago. In almost all civilizations, there have been attempts to discover the best herbs for brain enhancement with minimum side-effects. Perhaps, Ayurveda wins the race in this. All the herbs Ayurveda uses for its brain tonics have minimum side-effects and are quite safe for the human beings. Western science is now warming up to these herbs and is looking upon them as effective supplements for the human brain.

Coleusforskohli :Forskolin is a diterpene from the roots of the Indian plant Coleus forskohli which directly activates the adenylate cyclase and raises cyclic AMP levels in a variety of tissues. Cyclic AMP is an important cell regulating compound. Once formed it activates many other enzymes involved in diverse cellular functions. Under normal situations cAMP is formed when a stimulatory hormone (e.g., epinephrine) binds to a receptor site on the cell membrane and stimulates the activation of adenylate cyclase. This enzyme is incorporated into all cellular membranes and only the specificity of the receptor determines which hormone will activate it in a particular cell. Forskolin appears to bypass this need for direct hormonal activation of adenylate cyclase. As a result of this direct activation of adenylate cyclase, intracellular cAMP levels rise. The physiological and biochemical effects of a raised intracellular cAMP level include: inhibition of platelet activation; inhibition of mast cell degranulation and histamine release; increased force of contraction of heart muscle; relaxation of the arteries and other smooth muscles; increased insulin secretion; and increased thyroid function.

Guarana Seed Powder (Paullinia cupana) Guaranine is probably just caffeine bound to a tannin or phenol. In living plants, xanthines (such as caffeine) are bound to sugars, phenols, and tannins, and are set free or unbound during the roasting process. Guaraná seeds contain up to 4-8% caffeine (25,000 to 75,000 ppm), as well as trace amounts of theophylline (500 to 750 ppm) and theobromine (300 to 500 ppm). They also contain large quantities of alkaloids, terpenes, tannins, flavonoids, starch, saponins, and resinous substances.The xanthine alkaloids (caffeine, theophylline, theobromine) are believed to contribute significantly to guaraná's therapeutic activity. In clinical studies, theophylline stimulates the heart and central nervous system, enhances alertness and alleviates fatigue. It also has strong diuretic activity and reduces constriction of the bronchials, making it useful in asthma. Theobromine has similar effects. Certainly many traditional uses of guaraná may be explained by its caffeine content. Among its many documented effects, caffeine has been shown to facilitate fat loss and reduce fatigue.The main chemicals found in guaraná are: adenine, allantoin, alpha-copaene, anethole, caffeine, carvacrol, caryophyllene, catechins, catechutannic acid, choline, dimethylbenzene, dimethylpropylphenol, estragole, glucose, guanine, hypoxanthine, limonene, mucilage, nicotinic acid, proanthocyanidins, protein, resin, salicylic acid, starch, sucrose, tannic acid, tannins, theobromine, theophylline, timbonine, and xanthine.The use of guaraná as an effective energy tonic, for mental acuity, and to enhance long-term memory recently was validated by scientists. In a 1997 in vivo study, guaraná increased physical activity of rats, increased physical endurance under stress, and increased memory with single doses as well as with chronic doses. Interestingly, the study revealed that a whole-seed extract performed more effectively than did a comparable dosage of caffeine or ginseng extract. Another Brazilian research group has been studying guaraná 's apparent effect of increasing memory, thought to be linked to essential oils found in the seed. The plant also was found to enhance memory retention and to have an anti-amnesic activity in mice and rats. A U.S. patent has been filed on a combination of plants (including guaraná) for promoting sustained energy and mental alertness "without nervousness or tension." Guaraná (often in combination with other plants) also has been found to facilitate weight loss, by creating a feeling of fullness and having a mild thermogenic effect.

Eclipta alba (Bhringraj) It is commonly used to enhance memory and learning.Bramhi Ghrita (BG) is also one of the panchagavya formulations mentioned in Ayurveda containing Bacopa monneri (8 g), Acorus calamus (4 g), Evolvulus alsinoids (4 g), Saussurea lappa (4 g) and cow’s ghee (80 g).[3] This formulation is used traditionally as a memory enhancer and as an anticonvulsant ¹⁴.

Evolvulus alsinoids has been used traditionally as a brain tonic and sedative¹⁵ ,anthelmintic,

antiepileptic and against leucoderma^16,3.

Cow’s ghee (clarified butter fat) is described in Ayurveda as a memory enhancer, anticonvulsant and antiinflammatory agent^17,3.Cow ghee improves grasping, storing and recall, the three aspects of brain. It also stimulates appetite, improves quality of life, physical endurance, vigour and eyesight. Nose is the gateway of brain and any product introduced through the nostril has immediate access to the brain tissue. Even modern medicine has identified the potential of this path which bypasses the blood brain barrier and without much efforts, the valuable drug can be made bio-available in plasma and CSF in just 1.5 minutes.Cow ghee is one of the best vehicles for brain functions and the herbs processed within this ghee fortify the clinical effects further. They help to improve the micro-circulation and deliver oxygenated blood to the brain tissue. The nasal passage has connection with the brain, eyes, throat, ears and helps to restore the physiological function of these organs. It is scientifically confirmed that nasal medication has following benefits: Nasal drops especially help to treat all kinds of ailments in supra-clavicular region.Nose is the getway of cranium, hence it spreads the effect in the brain area. In addition, it also helps to improve the oxygenated blood supply and enhance the microcirculation through the sinuses. The herbal ingredients in the nasal drops have the ability to enhance the brain's capacity to acquire and store the knowledge properly. What is the shelf life? The older the product made of ghee, the efficacy is better.

Cebtakka Asiatica(Mandukparni )Whole plant is a nervine tonic and memory enhancer.

Celastrus paniculata Celastrus paniculata belonging to the genus of woody, climbing shrubs is distributed almost all over the India. In folk medicine the seeds are boiled and taken for blood purification. The seeds constitute the drug; they are bitter, and have an unpleasant odour and are traditionally used for sharpening the memory. Recent preclinical studies of the seed extract on male rats showed an improvement in learning and memory in both the shuttle-box and step-through paradigms. The study also demonstrates that the cognitive-enhancing properties of extract of Celastrus paniculatus seed could be attributed to its antioxidant effect. Yet another study investigated the effects of the seed oil of Celastrus paniculatus on the 6 day performance of young adult rats in a navigational memory task-the Morris water maze. These studies confirm the memory boosting properties of Acorus calamus.

Green tea is also one of the herbs for memory loss that contain antioxidants. In fact, most of the herbs for memory loss contain substances that help the body to fight the free radicals. Another important effect that may be observed is to enhance of the energy

Ginseng, for example, is considered to be one of the most effective energy boosters.This fact makes ginseng valuable in the treatment of depression. Because depression is the most frequent cause of memory loss, ginseng is regarded as a good memory enhancer.

Puerara mirifica also known as “the miracle medicine” or “the miracle herb” for its impressive health and beauty benefits.Positive benefits associated with Pueraria mirifica: Memory enhancer.

Tibetan Rhodiola is in many ways more powerful than Ginseng. It is a superb herb for people who work very hard, either physically or mentally. Tibetan Rhodiola has been shown to improve endurance and mental capacity, including memory enhancement. It has been shown to be a superb tonic and energizer for those into physical fitness, and a superior tonic for those stuck behind a desk or at a computer terminal for long periods of time. Consumption of a small amount of Rhodiola extract significantly improves a person’s capacity to absorb and utilize oxygen. Tibetan Rhodiola is especially beneficial to those who live under stressful conditions. It has been proven that Tibetan Rhodiola reduces the body’s stress reactions, and thus relieves mental stress as well. People stay focused and suffer far less from fatigue even under severe stress. It is the ideal herbal supplement for the modern world.Rhodiola rosea is a popular plant in traditional medical systems in Eastern Europe and Asia with reputation for stimulating the nervous system, decreasing depression, enhancing work performance, eliminating fatigue, and preventing high altitude sickness. Rhodiola rosea has been categorized as an adaptogen by Russian researchers due to its observed ability to increase resistance to a variety of chemical, biological, and physical stressors. It helps improve alertness and mood, better motivation, and overall sense of well-being.

Convolvulus pluricaulis (Shankhapushpi-) Means ‘the plant with flowers shaped like a conch’. The conch or Shankha is one of Lord Shiva’s sacred instruments often used in ritual worship.

Ksheerpushpi- Means its flowers are white as milk

Mangalyakusuma- Means viewing its flower is believed to be divine and blessing

Medhya- Shankhapushpi promotes intellectual capacity

Swarakarini- Shankhapushpi improves voice

Grahabhootadi doshaghni- Shankhapushpi is useful in diseases which are considered to be of supernatural origin

Rasayani- Shankhapushpi rejuvenates the body

Kantida- Shankhapushpi enhances the aura of body and gives it a healthy look
Majjadhatu rasayana- Shankhapushpi rejuvenates to the nervous tissue
Unmadaghna- Shankhapushpi alleviates insanity and emotional instability
Vrishya- Aphrodisiac
Pachanbala- Shankhapushpi increases the strength of the digestive system
Chedana- Laxative
Nidrajnana- Shankhapushpi promotes sleep .

The risk for developing dementia is lower in people with a diet rich in flavonoids. Therefore a diet rich in a variety of fruits and vegetables is an important part of AD treatment. Blueberries are on the top of the list of foods that contain constituents that enhance neuronal function. Beets are high in betaine, which helps lower homocysteine levels. Homocysteine may be the link between hypertension and dementia. Reference:

The authors recommend the following regimen for addressing AD: (1) Ginkgo leaf extract containing 24% ginkgo flavonoid glycosides, 6% terpene lactones, and no more that 5 ppm ginkgolic acids, 120-240 mg/day, in divided doses; (2) 10 mL of the formula with the following components in divided doses, 3 times/day: 30% turmeric tincture of fresh rhizome, 15% sage tincture of fresh leaf, 15% lemon balm tincture of fresh herb, 10% rosemary tincture of fresh herb, and 30% ashwagandha tincture of fresh root; (3) 400 IU vitamin E and 1000 mg vitamin C taken together, may be divided doses; (4) blueberries 1 cup/day as berries or juice; (5) beets ½ cup daily or every other day; and (6) regular physical and mental exercise.

The treatment plan described in this study is one example of how antioxidant herbs, adaptogens, diet, and exercise may be used in attempt to treat the symptoms of AD.

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Received on 30.06.2009

Accepted on 16.08.2009

Research Journal of Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry. 1(2): Sept. - Oct. 2009, 83-90