Anti-Inflammatory Activity of Orthosiphon Stamnineus Benth Bark Extract
Mate GS1*, Umbare
RP1, Patil SM1, Dongare SS1 and Naikwadi
NS2
1. A.S.P.M’s K.T. Patil
College Of Pharmacy, Siddharth Nagar, Barshi Road, Osmanabad, (M.S.),
India- 413501.
2.
ABSTRACT
Hydro-alcoholic extract of bark of Orthosiphon stamnineus Benth (HAEOSB) was studied for its in-vivo
anti-inflammatory potential using Carageenen induced
rat paw edema and cotton pellet induced granuloma mehods. The result of study indicated that Hydro-alcoholic
extract possess significant anti-inflammatory activity at doses 500 and 750
mg/kg.
Keywords:
INTRODUCTION
Plant
Material:
The plant Orthosiphon
stamnineus Benth (Labiatae) is commonly known as ‘Java Tea’ usually occurs in
However, no systemic study on anti-inflammatory
activity of the bark has been reported in the literature. In present
investigation, we have screened Hydro-alcoholic extract of bark of Orthosiphon stamnineus Benth for its anti-inflammatory activity.
MATERIALS
AND METHODS:
Bark of Orthosiphon
stamnineus Benth was
collected from foothill of Yercaud,
Preparation of Extract:
The bark were dried under shade and then
coarsely powdered with a mechanical grinder. The powder was passed through
sieve No. 40 and stored in and airtight container for the extraction. The marc
left after Petroleum ether extract was dried and then extracted with ethanol 95%
v/v (75-780C) and distilled water mixture in proportion of 50:50 up
to 72 hrs. After completion of extraction, the solvent was removed by
distillation. Dark brown color residue (yield-14.85%) was obtained. The residue
was then stored in a dessicator. The extract was
subjected to phytochemical screening.
Assessment of Anti-inflammatory
Activity:
Wister rats (150-180gm) of either sex and of
approximately the same age, procured from listed suppliers of Venkataswara Enterprises,
Table No. 01: Effect of Hydro- Alcoholic Extract of Orthosiphon stamineus Benth. on Carrageenan
Induced Paw Edema in Rats
Design of
Treatment |
Dose (mg/kg) |
Increase in paw edema at the end of 3 hr |
Percentage Inhibition |
|
I |
Control |
- |
0.490.023 |
- |
II |
Indomethacin |
10 |
0.210.015** |
57.87 |
III |
HAEOSB I |
500 |
0.320.009** |
34.03 |
IV |
HAEOSB II |
750 |
0.280.011** |
42.85 |
**P<0.01 Vs control, The data were statistically
analyzed by Student’s t-test and all values were expressed as Mean ± SEM. The
data were also analyzed by one way ANOVA followed by Dunnet’s
t-test and values p<0.05 were considered significant.
Table No. 02: Anti-inflammatory Activity of
hydro-alcoholic Extract of Orthosiphon stamineus Benth in
Cotton Pellet Induced Granuloma Model
(n-6) |
Design of Treatment |
Dose (mg/kg) |
Increase in paw edema at the end of 3 hr |
Percentage Inhibition |
I |
Control |
- |
70.20.704 |
- |
II |
HAEOSB I |
500 |
48.900.52* |
32.41 |
III |
HAEOSB II |
750 |
30.420.09* |
44.65 |
IV |
Indomethacin |
10 |
26.230.61* |
55.97 |
*p<0.05 Vs control, The data were
statistically analyzed by Student’s t-test and all values were expressed as
Mean ± SEM. The data were also analyzed by one way ANOVA followed by Dunnet’s t-test and values p<0.05 were considered
significant.
The standard organistic
canula and
syringe were used for drug administration in experimental animals.
Carageenen Induced Rat Paw Edema4-7:
Grouping and Treatment Protocol:
Group- I : Control group
§ Animal received carboxyl methyl cellulose
(100 mg/kg P.O.)
Group- II : Standard Group
§ Rats were treated with Indomethacin
(10 mg/kg I.P).
Group- III : HAEOSB – I (Test group I)
§ Rats were treated with HAEOSB (500mg/kg
P.O).
Group- IV : HAEOSB – II (Test
Group – II)
§ Rats were treated with HAEOSB (750mg/kg
P.O).
In each group 6 animals were taken. Animals were kept
fasted throughout the experimental period, but were provided water ad libitum.
After 30 min. 0.1 ml carrageenan
(1%) was injected into planter region of hind paw of rats. Measurement of Paw
volume (ml) was made by mercury displacement technique using Plethysmometer immediately before and 3 hr after carageenen injection.
Cotton Pellet induced Granuloma8
The animals were divided into four groups (n=6).
The animals were anaesthetized with ether, the back skin was shaved and
disinfected with 70% ethanol. An incision was made in lumber region. Using a
blunted forceps subcutaneous tunnels were formed and sterilized cotton pellets
weighing 20+ 1 mg were implanted on either sides of the scapular region
of each rat. Group-I served as control and received the vehicle.
The hydro-alcoholic extract at concentrations of 500
and 750 mg/kg was administered orally to Group-II and III animals for 7 days.
Group-IV animals received Indomethacin at a dose of
10-mg/kg p.o. for the same period. On the 8th
day, the animals were sacrificed and the pellets together with the granuloma tissues were
carefully removed, dried in an oven at 600C,
weighed and compared with control.
The percentage activity of anti-inflammatory effect of
hydro-alcoholic extract of Orthosiphon stamineus Benth was
calculated by using following formula:
Percentage inhibition = C – T/C X 100
Whereas,
T- Increase in paw volume after
administration of test extract
C- Increase in paw volume of control group
Statistical Evaluation:
The data were statistically analyzed by student’s t-
test and all the values were expressed as mean SEM. The data were also
analyzed by one way ANOVA followed by Dunnet’s t-
test and values p<0.05 were considered significant9, 10.
RESULT AND
DISCUSSION:
The phytochemical and
pharmacological studies on the bark of the plant Orthosiphon
stamineus Benth was
done revealed the presence of various phytochemical
constituents like carbohydrates, glycosides, alkaloids, tannins, saponins, phenolic compounds, phytosterols and flavonoids.
Hydro-alcoholic extract of Orthosiphon stamineus Benth (HAEOSB) shows the presence of main phytoconstituent Orthosiphonin (A
bitter glycoside) and Neo- orthosiphonin A – E (Flavanoid). Hence, it was selected for the pharmacological
studies.
Administration of Carrageenan
in paw edema of rats produced a short inflammatory response indicated by
increase in paw volume. Oral administration of HAEOSB showed a significant
(p<0.01) inhibition of carrageenan induced paw
inflammation at doses 500 mg/kg (34.03% inhibition) and at 750 mg/kg (43.85%
inhibition). In cotton pellet induced granuloma model
the percentage inhibition (44.65) at 750 mg/kg was found significant and
comparable to indomethacin at 10 mg/kg
(Table-2).
The HAEOSB showed significant
anti-inflammatory activity against carrageenan
induced paw edema and cotton pellet induced granuloma
models in rats. The anti-inflammatory activity exhibited in this model may be
attributed to the presence of flavonoids, which are
found to act by reducing the release of inflammatory substance like
prostaglandins there by reducing tissue exaggeration11-13.
The experimental results have provided the
Pharmacological evidence supporting the folklore claim of the drug as an anti-
inflammatory. The results are shown in
Table No. 01 and Table No.02.
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Received on 04.04.2009
Accepted on 18.05.2009
© A&V Publication all right reserved
Research Journal of Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry. 1(1): July.-Aug. 2009, 18-20